Most films require some special effects. This term normally refers to illusions created on the film set, rather
than in postproduction. (Digital effects and other effects
created off-set are discussed in depth below.) The department is headed by the special effects supervisor, and its
members may include such crew as a pyrotechnician,
who is an expert in creating fires and explosions, a model
maker, a puppeteer, and a projectionist, who operates the
equipment needed for back projection. The special effects
crew normally works closely with other departments, such
as makeup or stunts, so there may be no clear division
between them.
Some other crew members commonly employed
include runners or production assistants, security guards,
a maintenance engineer, a health and safety adviser, and
a unit nurse. Additional services are required for location
work. The transportation captain organizes the movement of actors, crew members, and equipment between
sets and locations. A transport coordinator may also be
employed to supervise the availability of drivers and
vehicles. Catering, a crucial service during a shoot is
provided by a company or group of individuals who
supply the main meals to cast and crew. The craft service
maintains the availability of drinks and snacks throughout the day.