attached) that was either rounded (globular) or conical in shape. See also ARMO UR.
BAVIÉRE, ISABEAU DE: wife of LOUIS, mother of CHARLES and CATHERINE.
BEAUCHAMP, THOMAS: Earl of Warwick.
BEAUFORT, HENRY: illegitimate-born son of JOHN OF GAUNT and his third wife
KATHERINE SWYNFORD, Henry is the Bishop of Winchester.
BEAUFORT, JOAN: illegitimate-born daughter of JOHN OF GAUNT and his third wife
KATHERINE SWYNFORD. Now married to RALPH NEVILLE.
BEAUREVOIR: a castle north of Paris.
BLACK PRINCE: the now deceased first son of EDWARD III and his queen,
PHILIPPA. The Black Prince was married to JOAN OF KENT, and was the father of RICHARD
II.
BOHUN: Son of THOMAS NEVILLE and MARGARET NEVILLE. Named after
MARY BOHUN.
BOHUN, MARY: heiress to the Hereford lands, titles and fortune, married to HAL
BOLINGBROKE.
BOLINGBROKE, HENRY OF (HAL): King of England, son of JOHN OF GAUNT and
his first wife, Blanche of Lancaster.
BORDEAUX: a port on the Garonne estuary in southwest France and capital of the
duchy of AQUITAINE. Bordeaux was the BLACK PRINCE‘s base in France (and in fact his
son, RICHARD, was born there).
CATHERINE: daughter of PRINCE LOUIS of france and ISABEAU DE BAVIÈRE,
younger sister to CHARLES.
CHARLES: King of France, grandson of his predecessor, the deceased KING JOHN, son
of PRINCE LOUIS and ISABEAU DE BAVIÈRE. Older brother of CATHERINE.
CHARTRES, REGNAULT DE: Archbishop of RHEIMS.
CHATELLERAULT: a heavily fortified town some twenty miles north of Chauvigny.
CINQUE PORTS: the five (thus ‗cinque‘) important medieval southeastern ports of
England: Dover, Hastings, Hythe, Romney and Sandwich. The barons of the Cinque Ports, as the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, were very powerful offices.
CLEMENT VII: the man elected by the breakaway cardinals to the papal throne after
they declared the election of URBAN VI void due to the interference of the Roman mob.
Clement rules from Avignon while Urban, who refuses to resign, continues to rule from Rome.
COOPER, WILL: apprentice physician to NICHOLAS CULPEPER.
COURTENAY, SIR ROBERT: squire to THOMAS NEVILLE. See also SQUIRE.
CULPEPER, NICHOLAS: physician to MARY BOHUN.
D‘ALBRET, CONSTABLE: commander of PHILIP OF NAVARRE‘S army.
D‘ARC, JACQUES: sergeant of the village of Domremy, in the province of Lorraine,
France.
D‘ARC, JOAN (JEANNE, or JEANNETTE): second daughter of JACQUES D‘ARC.
Known as the Maid of France for her visionary prophecies.
D‘ARC, ZABILLET (ISABELLE): wife of JACQUES D‘ARC and mother of
JEANNETTE D‘ARC.
DATING: medieval Europeans almost never used calendar dates. Instead, they orientated
themselves within the year by the religious cycle of Church festivals, holy days and saints‘ days.
Although there were saints‘ days every day of the year, most regions observed only a few of
them; the average holy days observed within the English year, for example, was between forty
and sixty; in Florence it was as high as 120. Years tended to be dated by the length of a
monarch‘s reign, each successive year starting on the date the monarch was crowned; EDWARD
III was crowned on 1 February 1327, so, according to popular use, each new year during his
reign would begin on 1st February. The legal year in England was calculated from Lady Day
(25th March), so for legal purposes the new year began on 26th March. From the very late
medieval period the government gradually instituted clock and calendar time as we know it. See
also HOURS, and my web page on medieval time for a full explanation for calculating the
medieval year: www.saradouglass.com/medtime.html
EDWARD III: king of England before RICHARD II. He died, mysteriously, during the
Christmastide celebrations of 1378. Edward is the father of JOHN OF GAUNT and grandfather
of HAL BOLINGBROKE.
EXETER, DUKE OF: See HOLLAND, JOHN.
FÉCAMP, ABBÉ DE: the cleric in charge of Joan of Arc‘s trial (see D‘ARC, JOAN).
GABRIEL, SAINT: an archangel of heaven.
GASCONY: a province in the south of France famed for its wine and horses.
GILES, MASTER: BOLINGBROKE‘S chief engineer at the siege of HARFLEUR.
GLOUCESTER: see WOODSTOCK, THOMAS.
GLYNDWR, OWAIN: a prince of the Welsh.
GRAVENSTEEN, THE: the Count of Flanders‘ castle home in Ghent, capital of
Flanders.
HALSTOW HALL: THOMAS NEVILLE‘S home estate in Kent on the Hoo Peninsula
near the Thames estuary.
HARFLEUR: town and garrison at the mouth of the Seine River, guarding the river and
road approaches to Paris.
HARRISON, RICHARD: a London landlord.
HARWOOD, MARGERY: a London housewife. Her husband is William.
HAWKINS, EMMA: a London prostitute. Her daughter is JOCELYN HAWKINS.
HAWKINS, JOCELYN: daughter to EMMA HAWKINS.
HAWKINS, WILLIAM: captain of BOLINGBROKE‘S castle guard in ROUEN. (No
relation to Emma or Jocelyn.)
HOLLAND, JOHN: Duke of Exeter and Earl of Huntingdon, son of JOAN OF KENT
and Sir Thomas Holland, half brother to the murdered RICHARD II.
HOTSPUR: see PERCY, HENRY.
HUNDRED YEARS‘ WAR: a period of intense war between France and England that
lasted from roughly the mid-fourteenth to fifteenth centuries. It was caused by many factors, but
primarily by the English King, EDWARD III‘s, insistence that he was the true heir to the French
throne. The English and French royal families had intermarried for generations, and Edward was,
in fact, the closest male heir. However, his claim was through his mother, who was the daughter
of a French king, and French law did not recognise claims through the female line. The war was
also the result of hundreds of years of tension over the amount of land the English held in France
(often over a third of the realm).
HUNGERFORD, LORD: one of BOLINGBROKE‘S commanders in France.
ISABEAU DE BAVIÈRE: see BAVIÈRE, ISABEAU DE.
JOAN OF ARC: see D‘ARC, JOAN
JOAN OF KENT: wife of the BLACK PRINCE, and a famed beauty in her youth.
Mother of RICHARD II.
JOHN, KING: deceased king of France.
JOHN OF GAUNT, Duke of Lancaster and Aquitaine, Earl of Richmond, King of
Castile, and prince of the Plantagenet dynasty: the deceased son of EDWARD III (Edward
Plantagenet) and his queen, PHILIPPA, John of Gaunt was the most powerful and wealthy
English nobleman of the medieval period. The name Gaunt (his popular nickname) derived from
Ghent, where he was born. Married first to Blanche of Lancaster, then to Constance of Castile;
both dead. By Blanche he had a son, HENRY (HAL) BOLINGBROKE; by Constance two
daughters (who became the queens of Castile and Portugal); and by his long-time mistress,
KATHERINE SWYNFORD, two legitimised children, HENRY and JOAN BEAUFORT. John
of Gaunt died during the burning of the Savoy by the peasant rebels.
JUSTICIAR: the chief political and legal representative of the King of England, acting as
regent in his absence.
LAMBETH PALACE: the London residence of the archbishops of Canterbury, Lambeth
Palace sits on the eastern bank of the Thames almost directly across from Westminster.
LANCASTER, DUKE OF: See JOHN OF GAUNT.
LEMAISTRE, JEAN: Dominican Vicar of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in Rouen.
LOLLARDS: the popular name given to followers of JOHN WYCLIFFE. It is a derisory
name, taken from the fourteenth-century word ―lolling‖, which means mumbling.
LONDON BRIDGE: for centuries there was only one bridge crossing the Thames. It
crosses from Southwark on the southern bank into London itself, linking up with Watling Street,
one of the great Roman roads in England. As with most bridges in medieval Europe, the bridge is
built over with tenement buildings and shops.
LOUIS: only son of KING JOHN of France. Louis suffered an unfortunate encounter
with a peacock which drove him insane, and now his son, CHARLES, has succeeded Louis‘
father, King John.
LYNLEY, LADY ALICIA: one of MARY‘s ladies.
MICHAEL, SAINT: an archangel of heaven.
MONTAGU, JOHN: Earl of Salisbury.
MOWBRAY, THOMAS: Earl of Nottingham and Duke of Norfolk and a boyhood friend
of RICHARD‘s.
MARCEL, ETIENNE: a rich and influential Parisian cloth merchant and Provost of the
Merchants of Paris, an office somewhat like that of a Lord Mayor. He died during the French
uprising (known as the Jacquerie) some three years before the events of The Crippled Angel.
MARIE: a midwife, and companion to JOAN OF ARC.
MONTGIES, ALAIN: Mayor of Rouen.
NAVARRE: a rich kingdom in the extreme northwest of Spain, it has been in the control
of French nobles and kings for generations. Until the early fourteenth century the King of France
had also held the title King of Navarre, but a complicated succession crisis witnessed the
separation of the two kingdoms into separate branches of the same family. Currently it is ruled
by PHILIP, known as Philip the Bad.
NEVILLE, MARGARET: wife of THOMAS NEVILLE. They have a daughter,
ROSALIND, and a son, BOHUN.
NEVILLE, RALPH: Baron of Raby and Earl of Westmorland; a powerful noble from the
north of England. Uncle to THOMAS NEVILLE.
NEVILLE, THOMAS: a senior member of the powerful Neville family. Nephew to
RALPH NEVILLE. Married to MARGARET with whom he has two children. Neville was once
a Dominican friar.
NORBURY, SIR JOHN: a member of BOLINGBROKE‘s household.
NORTHUMBERLAND, EARL OF: See PERCY, HENRY.
NOYES, SIR GILLES DE: a French nobleman.
PERCY, HENRY: the Earl of NORTHUMBERLAND and the most powerful nobleman