American 1890s, ed. Yoshinobu Hakutani. Rutherford, N.J.:
Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1985, 1987, 2 volumes.
TD
Theodore Dreiser.
TDCR
Theodore Dreiser: The Critical Reception, ed. Jack Salzman. New
York: David Lewis, 1972.
TDEM
Theodore Dreiser’s “Ev’ry Month,” ed. Nancy Warner Barrineau.
Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
TDJ
Theodore Dreiser: Journalism; Newspaper Writings, 1892–1895, ed.
T. D. Nostwich. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1988.
TDS
Theodore Dreiser: A Selection of Uncollected Prose, ed. Donald Pizer.
Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1977.
TDU
Theodore Dreiser’s Uncollected Magazine Articles, 1897–1902, ed.
Yoshinobu Hakutani. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2003.
a b b r e v i a t i o n s
4 0 8
Texas
Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas.
TF
A Traveler at Forty. New York: The Century Company, 1913.
TM
Twelve Men, ed. Robert Coltrane. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1998; originally published 1919.
Virginia
Alderman Library, University of Virginia.
a b b r e v i a t i o n s
4 0 9
n o t e s
o n e . h o o s i e r h a r d t i m e s
1. D, 6–7. There is also a bobbing light in “Phantom Dunkard,” an unpub-
lished ghost story Dreiser wrote about his maternal uncle (Virginia).
Dreiser the realist seldom concealed his flaws, and those included errors in
orthography and punctuation. Following the example of Robert H. Elias in his
three-volume edition of Dreiser’s letters ( L), I have silently corrected Dreiser’s
misspellings in his holograph letters and manuscripts. Typical examples of his
regular mistakes include accross, allready, alright, distroy, forrest, grammer, opour-
tinity, priviledge, rediculous, seperate, thousend, your (for “you’re”), and its (for
“it’s”). He also failed to follow the rule of i before e except after c and often concluded interrogatory statements with a period instead of a question mark.
2. D holograph, material Dreiser deleted from chap. II (Indiana); Renate
Schmidt-von Bardeleben, “Dreiser on the European Continent. Part One:
Theodore Dreiser, the German Dreisers and Germany,” DN 2 (Fall 1971): 4–10;
Dreiser family genealogy (Indiana), where the year of Paul Dresser’s birth is given
as 1858; and Dreiser family Bible (Penn). See also Mary Francis (“Mame”) Bren-
nan, “Pudley: A Memory of Paul Dresser,” [1906] (Penn).
3. D, 8.
4. D, 81; and D holograph, material deleted from chap. III.
5. D, 10; Vera Dreiser, My Uncle Theodore (New York: Nash Publishing Co.,
1976), 32; Tedi Dreiser Godard to Jerome Loving, March 21, 2000; and SC, 369.
6. D holograph, material deleted from chap. III; and D, 19.
4 1 1
7. D, 150–51, 49–50; see also ML, 28–29.
8. TF, 431, 433, 441; and Schmidt-von Bardeleben, “Dreiser on the European
Continent. Part One,” 4–10.
9. Thomas P. Riggio, “The Dreisers in Sullivan: A Biographical Revision,”
DN 10 (Fall 1979): 1–12; Richard Lingeman, Theodore Dreiser (New York: G. P.
Putnam’s Sons, 1986), 1: 23; and HH, 392. For a slightly diªerent account of John
Paul Dreiser’s fortunes before the birth of Theodore, see Clayton W. Hender-
son, On the Banks of the Wabash: The Life and Music of Paul Dresser (Indianapolis:
Indiana Historical Society Press, 2003), 14–22.
10. As an adult Dreiser possessed “a sketchy knowledge of German.” Letters
to Louise, ed. Louise Campbell (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1959), 21.
11. D, 21; and Dreiser family Bible.
12. D, 26; and HH, 403.
13. TF, 208, 365; and D, 26.
14. D, 110; Lingeman, Dreiser, 1: 35–36; and Brennan, “Pudley.”
15. Marguerite Tjader [Harris], Theodore Dreiser: A New Dimension (Nor-
walk, Conn.: Silvermine Publishers, 1965), 139.
16. D, 22–23; and D holograph, material deleted from chap. V.
17. D, 30, 34–35.
18. D, 70, 93.
19. D, 40–42; and see New York Times, March 10 and 25, 1903. “‘Whitey’
Sullivan,” the alias under which Bulger was o‹cially executed on March 24, 1903,
was changed to “‘Red’ Sullivan” in the printed version of D, and “Bulger,” Sul-
livan’s actual name was changed to “Dooney.” In a letter to TD, November 2,
1901 (Penn), Austin Brennan, Mame’s husband, asked him: “Do you remember
Jimmy Bulger of Sullivan, Indiana? Paul writes that he is to be electrocuted for
murder [December] 8 under the name of James Sullivan. A case of wandering
down the wrong path of life.”
20. D, 60.
21. D, 104–6.
22. Thomas E. Hill, Hill’s Manual of Social and Business Forms: Guide to Cor-
rect Writing (Chicago: Moses Warren & Co., 1880), 112, 119, 162.
23. D holograph, material deleted from chap. XV.
24. D, 112–17.
25. D, 130.
26. D holograph, material deleted from chap. XXVII.
27. Clara [Clark] Jaeger, Philadelphia Rebel: The Education of a Bourgeoise
(London: Grosvenor, 1988), 82; and Jean West Maury, “A Neighborly Call on
Theodore Dreiser,” Boston Evening Transcript, January 29, 1927.
28. D, 167–70.
n o t e s t o p a g e s 4 – 1 5
4 1 2
29. Biographical and Historical Record of Kosciusko County, Indiana (Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1887), 676; and D, 185.
30. D, 194. Howells’s name appears on Dreiser’s reading list in the holograph
but not the published version of D.
31. West Ward Public Schools No. 2 and No. 4, Kosciusko County Old Jail
Museum and Library, Warsaw, Indiana, where the year for Dreiser’s first semes-
ter is clearly 1883, not 1884 as is usually claimed for the family’s first year in War-
saw. Claire Dreiser’s records were not found at this source.
32. D, 198.
33. D, 168.
34. HH, 317–18.
35. D, 192–95; D holograph, material deleted from chap. XXXIII. For “Car-
rie,” see also Thomas P. Riggio, “Notes on the Origins of ‘Sister Carrie,’” Library
Chronicle 44 (Spring 1979): 7–26.
36. I am indebted to Stephen C. Brennan for first calling this discrepancy to
my attention.
37. D, 247–49.
38. Newspaper articles on the Hopkins incident are reprinted SC, 387–93.
39. D holograph, material deleted from chap. XL.
40. D, 254–63.
41. D holograph, material deleted from chap. XLIII.
42. D, 273–75.
43. D, 277–79.
t w o . a v e r y b a r d o f a c i t y
1. TD, “Biographical Sketch,” written for Household Magazine (1929; Penn).
2. Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Mak-
ing of America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 176–97.
3. D, 296, 298.
4. D, 302–3, 299.
5. D, 314.
6. D, 317–21, 325–26; and TD to Richard Duªy, February 2, 1902 (Penn).
7. D, 327–28.
8. D, 330.
9. D, 335–37, 341–44.
10. D, 347–49.
11. William J. Heim, “Letters from Young Dreiser,” American Literary Real-
ism 8 (Spring 1975): 158–63. In the late 1920s, an examination at the Mayo Clinic
revealed a trace of scar tissue from “a serious condition which developed when
n o t e s t o p a g e s 1 6 – 2 9
4 1 3
[Dreiser] was only seventeen years old, while working in the basement of Hib-
bard, Spencer, Bartlett and Company in Chicago” ( ML, 55).
12. D, 368–70. See TD to Richard Duªy, November 18, 1901 (Indiana).
13. D, 410; The Department of English at Indiana University (Bloomington:
privately published, n.d.), 38; and Thomas D. Clark, Indiana University: Mid-
western Pioneer (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970), 1: 233–64.
14. D, 410–12.
15. D, 412–13; Joseph Katz, “Theodore Dreiser at Indiana University,” Notes
and Queries 13 (March 1966): 101; and Department of English, 206.
16. D, 415.
17. D, 381–82.
18. HH, 492–93.
19. D holograph, material deleted from chap. XLVII (Indiana); Robert H.
Elias, Theodore Dreiser: Apostle of Nature (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1970;
orig. pub. 1948), 27; and Richard W. Dowell, “‘You Will Not Like Me, Im Sure’:
Dreiser to Miss Emma Rector, November 28, 1893, to April 4, 1894,” American
Literary Realism 3 (Summer 1970): 259–70.
20. HH, 493–95.
21. D, 391–92.
22. For the argument that Dreiser’s pity for the poor was essentially self-pity,
see Lionel Trilling, The Liberal Imagination (New York: Viking Press, 1950), 7–21;
reprinted in Donald Pizer, ed., Critical Essays on Theodore Dreiser (Boston: G. K.
Hall, 1981), 38–46.
23. Richard Lehan, Theodore Dreiser: His World and His Novels (Carbondale:
Southern Illinois University Press, 1969), 46–47; and D, 393–96.
24. D, 401.
25. D, 402–8. See also Thomas P. Riggio, “Mark Twain and Theodore
Dreiser,” Mark Twain Journal 19 (Summer 1978): 20–25.
26. D, 432–39. In chap. 60 of HH Willy is named simply as W——.
27. D, 441, 448.
28. D, 376; Katz, “Dreiser at Indiana University,” 100–101; and D holograph,
material deleted from chap. LXXVI. In his November 18, 1901, letter to Duªy
(see n. 12), Dreiser spoke of his dislike of academe, “its cut and dried methods
of imparting information,” but added quickly about his time at Indiana
University: “this is not wholly true, however, for the beauty—natural and
architectural—which invested the scene carried me to mental heights not pre-