28. ND, 518; TDJ, 314–16; and T. D. Nostwich, “Dreiser’s Apocryphal Fly
Story,” DS 17 (Spring 1986): 1–8.
29. ND, 537–38.
30. ND, 538–40.
31. ND, 531–32; TDJ, 323; and “A Monarch of Metal Workers,” Success 2 ( June 3, 1899): 453–54 (in SMA, 1: 158–69), which was reprinted as “Carnegie as Metal
Worker” in How They Succeeded, ed. Orison Swett Marden (Boston: Lothrop,
1901), 253–75, and as “A Poor Boy Who Once Borrowed Books Now Gives Away
n o t e s t o p a g e s 7 4 – 8 4
4 1 8
Libraries—Andrew Carnegie,” in Little Visits with Great Americans, ed. Marden (New York: The Success Company, 1903), 51–70.
32. TM, 187–89; Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass, ed. Jerome Loving (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 446; and ND, 551–52.
33. ND, 558.
34. Dreiser Papers, Box 405, Folder 13816 (Penn).
35. ND, 573–74.
36. TDEM, 46–47; ND, 571; and SC, 226–27.
37. ND, 576–79.
38. TM, 82–86.
39. ND, 589–93.
40. ND, 610.
41. Donald Pizer, The Novels of Theodore Dreiser: A Critical Study (Min-
neapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1976), 12; Richard Lehan, Theodore
Dreiser: His World and His Novels (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press,
1969), 45–47; and SC, 56–57.
42. ND, 610.
43. ND, 615.
44. ND, 620.
45. ND, 623.
46. Richard Lingeman, Theodore Dreiser (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons,
1986), 1: 151.
47. ND, 640.
48. TDJ, 331–33.
49. Robert Penn Warren, Homage to Theodore Dreiser (New York: Random
House, 1971), 35.
50. FF, 197.
51. D holograph, material deleted from chaps. XXXII and XLIV.
52. ND, 651; and SC, 336. In chap. XXXIX of the D holograph, Dreiser wrote:
“Some phases of this tragedy [of Emma and Hopkins] are the bases of Sister
Carrie but not all. . . . Her paramour never died of want in the way described
[in Dreiser’s novel], though he fell rather low, socially.”
f i v e . e d i t o r i a l d a y s
1. “A Literary Apprenticeship” (Penn).
2. ND, 665.
3. Dreiser also claimed to have encountered Twain on two other occasions:
when he was writing the Success articles in the late 1890s and just before he was
editor of the Delineator in the first decade of the twentieth century; see his “Mark
Twain: Three Contacts,” Esquire 4 (October 1935): 22, 162, and his “Mark the
n o t e s t o p a g e s 8 4 – 9 6
4 1 9
Double Twain,” English Journal 24 (October 1935): 626. See also Richard Lehan, Theodore Dreiser: His World and His Novels (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1969), 248. In 1920 Dreiser told Mencken that he had encountered
Twain drunk in a New York saloon “back in—well—roughly—1905–6-or
7. . . . [H]e took up the American notion that all marriages were made in
heaven. . . . It was then that he referred to his wife . . . [saying ] [s]he is a good
enough woman [but] . . . that he was damned unhappy—just like most other
men—but that for her sake— or the children’s— or his standing or something
he had to keep up appearances.” These attitudes appear to better suit Dreiser
himself in 1920 when, under pressure from his future second wife to marry, he
was angry with Jug for refusing to grant him a divorce. It is also strange that
Dreiser used the present tense to describe Twain’s alleged feeling toward his wife
and refer to his oªspring as children in “roughly—1905–6-or-7,” when Olivia
Langdon Clemens had died in 1904 after a long illness, and his living children,
Clara and Jean, were already adults ( L, 1: 305–7).
4. FF, 135.
5. FF, 139; Richard Lingeman, “Dreiser’s ‘Jeremiah I’: Found at Last,” DS 20
(Fall 1989): 2–8; and Donald Pizer, “‘Along the Wabash’: A ‘Comedy Drama’ by
Theodore Dreiser,” DN 5 (Fall 1974): 1–4.
6. Robert H. Elias, Theodore Dreiser: Apostle of Nature (Ithaca: Cornell Uni-
versity Press, 1970; orig. pub. 1948), 88.
7. TD, ed., The Songs of Paul Dresser (New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927),
1–3. For the most recent information on Dresser, see Clayton W. Henderson,
On the Banks of the Wabash: The Life and Music of Paul Dresser (Indianapolis:
Indiana State Historical Society Press, 2003).
8. Paul Dresser, “Making Songs for the Millions: An Unconventional Chap-
ter from the Biography of the Man Whose Songs Have Sold to the Extent of
Five Million Copies,” Metropolitan 12 (November 1900): 701–3.
9. The actual basis of “Just Tell Them” was apparently the suicide of a friend
from Terre Haute who had failed to become a success as an actor in New York;
see Henderson, On the Banks, 385–86.
10. Arthur Henry, Lodgings in Town (New York: A. S. Barnes, 1905), 80–83.
11. Joseph Katz, “Theodore Dreiser and Stephen Crane: Studies in a Liter-
ary Relationship,” in Stephen Crane in Transition: Centenary Essays, ed. Joseph
Katz (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1972), 174–204. For Jenks, see
Albert Johannsen, The House of the Beadle and Adams (Norman: University of
Oklahoma Press, 1950), 2: 164–65; Ellen Moers, Two Dreisers (New York: Viking
Press, 1969), 37–38; and Lydia Cushman Schurman, “Richard Lingeman’s Myth
Making: Theodore Dreiser’s Editing of the Jack Harkaway Stories,” Dime Novel
Roundup 64 (1995): 151–65.
12. See, for example, Yoshinobu Hakutani, “Theodore Dreiser’s Editorial and
Free-Lance Writing,” Library Chronicle 37 ( Winter 1971): 70–85.
n o t e s t o p a g e s 9 6 – 1 0 0
4 2 0
13. Songs of Paul Dresser, 42.
14. TDEM, 24–25.
15. TDEM, 27–28.
16. TDEM, 26–27, 34.
17. Ev’ry Month, December 1895, 3–4.
18. Ev’ry Month, December 1895, 7–8; and Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson,
ed. Ralph L. Rusk (New York: Columbia University Press, 1939), 3: 9.
19. TDEM, 46.
20. Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass, ed. Jerome Loving (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1990), 82–83; and TDS, 60.
21. TDS, 61.
22. TDEM, 92–93, 98.
23. TD to Sara Osborne White ( Jug ), May 1 and May 2, 1896 (Indiana).
24. TD to Jug, June 12 and July 10, 1896 (Indiana).
25. TD to Jug, May 2 and October 4, 1896 (Indiana).
26. TD to Jug, October 11, 1896 (Indiana).
27. TDEM, 35, 168–70; and TD to Jug, November 4, 1896 (Indiana).
28. TD to Jug, January 24, 1898 (Indiana); and Louis Menand, The Meta-
physical Club (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001), 351–58.
29. TD to Jug, n.d. and [March 24, 1897] (Indiana).
30. TDEM, 96–97; Katz, “ Theodore Dreiser and Stephen Crane,” 185; and
TD to Max J. Herzberg, November 2, 1921 (Penn).
31. TDEM, 110–11. For Twain and Dreiser, see n. 3 above.
32. TDEM, 99, 108; and TD to Jug, [November 17, 1896] (Indiana).
33. TDEM, 95–96, 134–35. This is actually Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, the
daughter of the novelist Elizabeth Stuart Phelps (1815–52).
34. TDEM, 129–31; and TD to Jug, November 4, 1896 (Indiana).
35. TDEM, 143; “Forgotten,” Ev’ry Month, August 1896, reprinted in TDEM,
152–57; and Moers, Two Dreisers, 95–96; TDJ, 286–88; and TDEM, 152–57, 322n, where the editor speculates that Dreiser also adapted material from his unsigned
story “Where Sympathy Failed,” Pittsburgh Dispatch, August 25, 1894.
36. “Each member of the firm is strongly opposed to my convictions but still
bows to my judgment” (TD to Jug, November 4, 1896, [Indiana]). See also Arthur
Henry’s impression in Lodgings in Town, 82–83: “this was no commune. In the
midst of [the o‹ces of Howley and Haviland] a short, thin man [Fred Havi-
land] moved with quick gestures, short orders, and sharp glances from his rest-
less eyes.”
37. Arthur Henry, “It Is to Laugh: A Little Talk on How to Write a Comic
Opera,” Ev’ry Month, April 1897, 13–15; and Lodgings in Town, 80–81.
38. TDEM, 178–79.
39. TDEM, 192–94.
40. TDEM, 214.
n o t e s t o p a g e s 1 0 1 – 1 1 2
4 2 1
41. TDEM, 223; TD to Jug, [December 26, 1896] (Indiana); and Vera Dreiser, My Uncle Theodore (New York: Nash Publishing Co., 1976), 75.
42. TD to Jug, [ January 26, 1897] (Indiana).
43. TDEM, 264.
44. TDEM, 268.
s i x . t h e w r i t e r
1. FF, 142.
2. Eric Sundquist, “Realism and Regionalism,” in Columbia Literary History
of the United States, ed. Emory Elliott (New York: Columbia University Press,
1988), 502.
3. Vera Dreiser, My Uncle Theodore (New York: Nash Publishing Co., 1976),
78.
4. TD, ed., Songs of Paul Dresser (New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927), 72.
5. TD to Sara Osborne White ( Jug ), May 15, 1898 (Indiana); Richard W.
Dowell, “‘On the Banks of the Wabash’: A Musical Whodunit,” Indiana Mag-
azine of History 66 ( June 1970): 95–109; and Dowell, “Dreiser’s Contribution
to ‘On the Banks of the Wabash’: A Fiction Writer’s Fiction!” Indiana English