WHAT IS MAN? AND OTHER ESSAYS OF MARK TWAIN

was thirteen. There is no EVIDENCE in existence that he ever

went to school at all.

The historians “infer” that he got his Latin in that school

–the school which they “suppose” he attended.

They “suppose” his father’s declining fortunes made it

necessary for him to leave the school they supposed he attended,

and get to work and help support his parents and their ten

children. But there is no evidence that he ever entered or

returned from the school they suppose he attended.

They “suppose” he assisted his father in the butchering

business; and that, being only a boy, he didn’t have to do full-

grown butchering, but only slaughtering calves. Also, that

whenever he killed a calf he made a high-flown speech over it.

This supposition rests upon the testimony of a man who wasn’t

there at the time; a man who got it from a man who could have

been there, but did not say whether he was nor not; and neither

of them thought to mention it for decades, and decades, and

decades, and two more decades after Shakespeare’s death (until

old age and mental decay had refreshed and vivified their

memories). They hadn’t two facts in stock about the long-dead

distinguished citizen, but only just the one: he slaughtered

calves and broke into oratory while he was at it. Curious. They

had only one fact, yet the distinguished citizen had spent

twenty-six years in that little town–just half his lifetime.

However, rightly viewed, it was the most important fact, indeed

almost the only important fact, of Shakespeare’s life in

Stratford. Rightly viewed. For experience is an author’s most

valuable asset; experience is the thing that puts the muscle and

the breath and the warm blood into the book he writes. Rightly

viewed, calf-butchering accounts for “Titus Andronicus,” the only

play–ain’t it?–that the Stratford Shakespeare ever wrote; and

yet it is the only one everybody tried to chouse him out of, the

Baconians included.

The historians find themselves “justified in believing” that

the young Shakespeare poached upon Sir Thomas Lucy’s deer preserves

and got haled before that magistrate for it. But there is no shred

of respectworthy evidence that anything of the kind happened.

The historians, having argued the thing that MIGHT have

happened into the thing that DID happen, found no trouble in

turning Sir Thomas Lucy into Mr. Justice Shallow. They have long

ago convinced the world–on surmise and without trustworthy

evidence–that Shallow IS Sir Thomas.

The next addition to the young Shakespeare’s Stratford

history comes easy. The historian builds it out of the surmised

deer-steeling, and the surmised trial before the magistrate, and

the surmised vengeance-prompted satire upon the magistrate in the

play: result, the young Shakespeare was a wild, wild, wild, oh,

SUCH a wild young scamp, and that gratuitous slander is

established for all time! It is the very way Professor Osborn

and I built the colossal skeleton brontosaur that stands fifty-

seven feet long and sixteen feet high in the Natural History

Museum, the awe and admiration of all the world, the stateliest

skeleton that exists on the planet. We had nine bones, and we

built the rest of him out of plaster of Paris. We ran short of

plaster of Paris, or we’d have built a brontosaur that could sit

down beside the Stratford Shakespeare and none but an expert

could tell which was biggest or contained the most plaster.

Shakespeare pronounced “Venus and Adonis” “the first heir of

his invention,” apparently implying that it was his first effort

at literary composition. He should not have said it. It has

been an embarrassment to his historians these many, many years.

They have to make him write that graceful and polished and

flawless and beautiful poem before he escaped from Stratford and

his family–1586 or ’87–age, twenty-two, or along there; because

within the next five years he wrote five great plays, and could

not have found time to write another line.

It is sorely embarrassing. If he began to slaughter calves,

and poach deer, and rollick around, and learn English, at the

earliest likely moment–say at thirteen, when he was supposably

wretched from that school where he was supposably storing up

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