WHAT IS MAN? AND OTHER ESSAYS OF MARK TWAIN

plan for him, and he found a new WORLD. And HE gets the credit

of it to this day. He hadn’t anything to do with it.

Necessarily the scene of the real turning-point of my life

(and of yours) was the Garden of Eden. It was there that the

first link was forged of the chain that was ultimately to lead to

the emptying of me into the literary guild. Adam’s TEMPERAMENT

was the first command the Deity ever issued to a human being on

this planet. And it was the only command Adam would NEVER be

able to disobey. It said, “Be weak, be water, be characterless,

be cheaply persuadable.” The latter command, to let the fruit

alone, was certain to be disobeyed. Not by Adam himself, but by

his TEMPERAMENT–which he did not create and had no authority

over. For the TEMPERAMENT is the man; the thing tricked out with

clothes and named Man is merely its Shadow, nothing more. The

law of the tiger’s temperament is, Thou shalt kill; the law of

the sheep’s temperament is Thou shalt not kill. To issue later

commands requiring the tiger to let the fat stranger alone, and

requiring the sheep to imbue its hands in the blood of the lion

is not worth while, for those commands CAN’T be obeyed. They

would invite to violations of the law of TEMPERAMENT, which is

supreme, and take precedence of all other authorities. I cannot

help feeling disappointed in Adam and Eve. That is, in their

temperaments. Not in THEM, poor helpless young creatures–

afflicted with temperaments made out of butter; which butter was

commanded to get into contact with fire and BE MELTED. What I

cannot help wishing is, that Adam had been postponed, and Martin

Luther and Joan of Arc put in their place–that splendid pair

equipped with temperaments not made of butter, but of asbestos.

By neither sugary persuasions nor by hell fire could Satan have

beguiled THEM to eat the apple. There would have been results!

Indeed, yes. The apple would be intact today; there would be no

human race; there would be no YOU; there would be no ME. And the

old, old creation-dawn scheme of ultimately launching me into the

literary guild would have been defeated.

——————————————————————

HOW TO MAKE HISTORY DATES STICK

These chapters are for children, and I shall try to make the

words large enough to command respect. In the hope that you are

listening, and that you have confidence in me, I will proceed.

Dates are difficult things to acquire; and after they are

acquired it is difficult to keep them in the head. But they are

very valuable. They are like the cattle-pens of a ranch–they

shut in the several brands of historical cattle, each within its

own fence, and keep them from getting mixed together. Dates are

hard to remember because they consist of figures; figures are

monotonously unstriking in appearance, and they don’t take hold,

they form no pictures, and so they give the eye no chance to

help. Pictures are the thing. Pictures can make dates stick.

They can make nearly anything stick–particularly IF YOU MAKE THE

PICTURES YOURSELF. Indeed, that is the great point–make the

pictures YOURSELF. I know about this from experience. Thirty

years ago I was delivering a memorized lecture every night, and

every night I had to help myself with a page of notes to keep

from getting myself mixed. The notes consisted of beginnings of

sentences, and were eleven in number, and they ran something like

this:

“IN THAT REGION THE WEATHER–”

“AT THAT TIME IT WAS A CUSTOM–”

“BUT IN CALIFORNIA ONE NEVER HEARD–”

Eleven of them. They initialed the brief divisions of the

lecture and protected me against skipping. But they all looked

about alike on the page; they formed no picture; I had them by

heart, but I could never with certainty remember the order of

their succession; therefore I always had to keep those notes by

me and look at them every little while. Once I mislaid them; you

will not be able to imagine the terrors of that evening. I now

saw that I must invent some other protection. So I got ten of

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