“They did so, according to their own philosophy, because they had been determined to do so. Thus, they get no moral credit.”
Burton had been waiting patiently for the results. Now he said, “Those two said, then, that we are just billiard balls waiting to be struck by other balls and so sent into whatever pocket is determined for them?”
“Yes.”
“I’m well aware of that philosophy. As you know, I wrote a poem about it. However, even those who don’t believe in free will always act as if they had it. It seems to be the nature of the beast. Perhaps our genes determine that. Now, would you mind getting to the point?”
“There is more than one,” Frigate said. “First, the Ethical studies prove that mental potential is equal among races. All have the same reserves of geniuses, highly intelligent, intelligent, fairly intelligent, and stupid. In 1983, when I died, there was still a lot of controversy about that. Intelligence tests seemed to show that the average Negro intelligence was a few points below that of the Caucasian. The same tests also indicated that the Mongolian IQ was a few points higher than the Caucasian. A lot of people claimed that these tests were not accurate and that they ignored social conditioning, economic opportunity, bias against race, and so forth/ These objectors were right. The Ethical tests prove that all races have an equal mental potential.
“That goes against the grain of your observations on Earth, Dick. You claimed that the Negro was less intelligent than the Caucasian. Oh, you admitted that perhaps the American Negro might be capable of becoming more ‘civilized’ and brighter than the African Negro. But the implication was that, if this was so, it was because the Yankee black had a lot of white blood, that is, Caucasian genes from racial mixing.”
“I said many things on Earth that I now admit were wrong,” Burton said heatedly. “After sixty-seven years of intimate, though often forced, socializing with every race and every nationality and tribe you could imagine, and some you couldn’t, I have changed my mind about many things. I’m perfectly willing to call Sambo my brother.”
“I wouldn’t use ‘Sambo’ myself. It shows a lingering trace of bad thinking.”
“You know what I mean.”
“Yes. I remember a line in your poem, ‘Stone Talk,’ where you criticized the American white because he wouldn’t call … ah, Sambo … his brother. You were in no position to throw stones.”
“What I was is not what I am. Rubbing elbows with many people causes you to rub in some of their skin. And vice versa.”
“You did a lot of elbow-rubbing on Earth. Very few people traveled as much as you did and came into contact with all classes, rich and poor.”
“It wasn’t long enough. Not only are conditions different here, I wasn’t only just rubbed here. I was shaken and knocked about. That does something to the machinery, you know.”
“Let’s not use mechanistic terms,” Frigate said.
“Psychic machinery is perfectly appropriate.”
“The psyche is not an engine but a subtle and complex field of waves. Many fields, in fact, a superfield. Like light, it can be described as being both wave and particle, a psychic wavicle, wavicles forming a hypercomplex.”
“The results.”
“All right. Every person is a semirobot. That is, each is subject to the demands of the biological machine, the body. If you hunger, you eat or try to find food. No one can rise above himself enough to go without food and not starve to death. Injuries to the cerebroneural system, cancer, chemical imbalances, these can cause changes in mentality, make you crazy, make your motives and attitudes change. There’s no way the will can suppress the effects of syphilis, poisons, brain damage, and so on. And everyone is born with a set of genes that determine the particular direction his interests take. His tastes, too, I mean in food. Not everybody likes steak or tomatoes or Scotch.
“Also, some are born with chromosomal complexes that make them more emotionally rigid than others. I mean, they can’t adapt to new things or changes as well as others. They tend to stick to the old and to the cultural elements that affected them when they were young. Others are more adaptable, less rigid. But sometimes reason, logic, can affect the will and the person can overcome his rigidity, defossilize himself, as it were.
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