WHAT IS MAN? AND OTHER ESSAYS OF MARK TWAIN

out all I could about him. I began to ask questions, but my

class-teacher, Mr. Barclay, the stone-mason, was reluctant about

answering them, it seemed to me. I was anxious to be praised for

turning my thoughts to serious subjects when there wasn’t another

boy in the village who could be hired to do such a thing. I was

greatly interested in the incident of Eve and the serpent, and

thought Eve’s calmness was perfectly noble. I asked Mr. Barclay

if he had ever heard of another woman who, being approached by a

serpeant, would not excuse herself and break for the nearest

timber. He did not answer my question, but rebuked me for

inquiring into matters above my age and comprehension. I will

say for Mr. Barclay that he was willing to tell me the facts of

Satan’s history, but he stopped there: he wouldn’t allow any

discussion of them.

In the course of time we exhausted the facts. There were

only five or six of them; you could set them all down on a

visiting-card. I was disappointed. I had been meditating a

biography, and was grieved to find that there were no materials.

I said as much, with the tears running down. Mr. Barclay’s

sympathy and compassion were aroused, for he was a most kind and

gentle-spirited man, and he patted me on the head and cheered me

up by saying there was a whole vast ocean of materials! I can

still feel the happy thrill which these blessed words shot

through me.

Then he began to bail out that ocean’s riches for my

encouragement and joy. Like this: it was “conjectured”–though

not established–that Satan was originally an angel in Heaven;

that he fell; that he rebelled, and brought on a war; that he was

defeated, and banished to perdition. Also, “we have reason to

believe” that later he did so and so; that “we are warranted in

supposing” that at a subsequent time he traveled extensively,

seeking whom he might devour; that a couple of centuries

afterward, “as tradition instructs us,” he took up the cruel

trade of tempting people to their ruin, with vast and fearful

results; that by and by, “as the probabilities seem to indicate,”

he may have done certain things, he might have done certain other

things, he must have done still other things.

And so on and so on. We set down the five known facts by

themselves on a piece of paper, and numbered it “page 1”; then on

fifteen hundred other pieces of paper we set down the

“conjectures,” and “suppositions,” and “maybes,” and “perhapses,”

and “doubtlesses,” and “rumors,” and guesses,” and

“probabilities,” and “likelihoods,” and “we are permitted to

thinks,” and “we are warranted in believings,” and “might have

beens,” and “could have beens,” and “must have beens,” and

“unquestionablys,” and “without a shadow of doubt”–and behold!

MATERIALS? Why, we had enough to build a biography of Shakespeare!

Yet he made me put away my pen; he would not let me write

the history of Satan. Why? Because, as he said, he had

suspicions–suspicions that my attitude in the matter was not

reverent, and that a person must be reverent when writing about

the sacred characters. He said any one who spoke flippantly of

Satan would be frowned upon by the religious world and also be

brought to account.

I assured him, in earnest and sincere words, that he had

wholly misconceived my attitude; that I had the highest respect

for Satan, and that my reverence for him equaled, and possibly

even exceeded, that of any member of the church. I said it

wounded me deeply to perceive by his words that he thought I

would make fun of Satan, and deride him, laugh at him, scoff at

him; whereas in truth I had never thought of such a thing, but

had only a warm desire to make fun of those others and laugh at

THEM. “What others? “Why, the Supposers, the Perhapsers, the

Might-Have-Beeners, the Could-Have-Beeners, the Must-Have-Beeners,

the Without-a-Shadow-of-Doubters, the We-Are-Warranted-in-Believingers,

and all that funny crop of solemn architects who have taken a

good solid foundation of five indisputable and unimportant facts

and built upon it a Conjectural Satan thirty miles high.”

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